戴氏問答:高考英語(yǔ)閱讀明了解題技巧及經(jīng)典題型 高
我是今年結(jié)業(yè)的理科生,x科是化學(xué). 我清晰知道,在高二的壓力下,正常來(lái)說,分給語(yǔ)文的時(shí)間是不多的,以是我們必
我是今年結(jié)業(yè)的理科生,x科是化學(xué). 我清晰知道,在高二的壓力下,正常來(lái)說,分給語(yǔ)文的時(shí)間是不多的,以是我們必須把僅有的時(shí)間行使起來(lái). 憑證絕大多數(shù)人的情形, 男生的語(yǔ)文成就低主要由以下三個(gè)緣故原由造成的. 前面四道選擇題擲中率低, 前面
戴氏教育的各科主講教師,都是在經(jīng)過層層選拔之后,才能后走上講臺(tái)執(zhí)教。時(shí)至今日,他們以豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),和突出的教學(xué)成果,深受學(xué)生好評(píng)。
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀明了九大題型解題思緒詳解| [ By: 中分秋色 ]| | 0推薦|高考英語(yǔ)閱讀明了九大題型解題思緒詳解 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題:⑴ 標(biāo)志:①題干中明確提到的時(shí)間、地址、人物等細(xì)節(jié)信息②針對(duì)文章中的一句或幾句發(fā)問③題干和選項(xiàng)之間是...
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀明了解題技巧及經(jīng)典題型高考英語(yǔ)閱讀明了題型主要有主旨大意題,細(xì)節(jié)明了題,推理判斷題,詞義展望題等,下面是英語(yǔ)閱讀明了經(jīng)典題型及解題技巧,希望能對(duì)人人有所輔助!
主旨大意題
這類題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。
歸納問題題
特點(diǎn):短小精悍,一樣平時(shí)多為一個(gè)短語(yǔ);涵蓋性強(qiáng),一樣平時(shí)能籠罩全文意思;準(zhǔn)確性強(qiáng),表達(dá)局限要適當(dāng),不能隨意改變語(yǔ)意水平或色彩。常見命題形式有:
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
真題類型
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (災(zāi)禍).
People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反映) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.
Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.
Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.
Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?
A. Colors and Human Beings
B. The Cultural Meaning of Color
C. Colors and Personal Experiences
D. The Meaning and Function of Color
謎底:D
歸納綜合大意題
包羅尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中央頭腦(main idea),常見命題形式有:
What is the general/main idea of the passage? Which of the following expresses the main idea? What is the subject discussed in the text?
BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What’s the article mainly about ?
真題類型
Joshua Bingham studied years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? __
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
謎底:C
解題思緒:此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句,只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就謎底自己看,個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來(lái),舉行邏輯推理,才氣組成一個(gè)沒有言明的主題頭腦。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情形,即作者想告訴我們的是:Joshua Bingham接受過優(yōu)越的教育,以是謎底是 C。
解題技巧
閱讀明了文章多是議論文和說明文,這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為:提出問題——敘述問題——得出結(jié)論或者說明看法。對(duì)于這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方式。主題句一樣平時(shí)泛起在文章的開頭或末尾。主題句具有精練性、歸納綜合性的特點(diǎn)。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情形。
位于段首:一樣平時(shí)而言,以演繹法撰寫的文章,主題句往往在文章的開頭,即先點(diǎn)出主題,然后圍繞這一主題作詳細(xì)的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句,可詳細(xì)剖析段落的首句與第二,三句的關(guān)系;若是從第二句就最先對(duì)第一句舉行說明,敘述或形貌,那第一句就是主題句。有些段落,在主題句后面有顯著引出細(xì)節(jié)的信號(hào)詞,如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應(yīng)只管行使上述信號(hào)詞來(lái)確定主題句的位置。
位于段尾:有些文章會(huì)在開頭枚舉事實(shí), 然后通過論證敘述作者的焦點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)。因此,若是第一句話不是歸納綜合性的或綜合性的話,最好快速讀一讀段落的最后一個(gè)句子,看看它是否具備主題句的特征。若是它具備主題句的特征,段落的主題頭腦就很容易確定了。一樣平時(shí)說來(lái),當(dāng)一種看法不易向人注釋清晰或不易被人接受時(shí),主題句便會(huì)到段落的末尾才泛起。學(xué)生可以充執(zhí)行使引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;in conclusion,in short;in a word, to sum up等來(lái)確定主題句的位置在段尾。當(dāng)無(wú)顯著的此類信號(hào)時(shí),學(xué)生可在段落的最后一句話前面添加一個(gè)引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞,以確定其是否是主題句。
位于段中:有時(shí)段落是先先容靠山和細(xì)節(jié),接著用一句綜合或歸納綜合性的話歸納綜合前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例,然后再圍繞主題睜開對(duì)有關(guān)問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會(huì)在段落中央泛起。歸納起來(lái)主要有兩種情形:先提出問題,然后給予回覆(主題句),最后給予注釋;或者,先提出問題,然后點(diǎn)出主題頭腦(主題句),最后給予注釋。
首尾呼應(yīng):主題句在段落的開頭和末尾兩個(gè)位置上先后泛起,形成前呼后應(yīng)的名目。這兩個(gè)主題句敘說的是統(tǒng)一個(gè)內(nèi)容,但用詞不盡相同,這樣不只強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題頭腦,而且顯得無(wú)邪多變。這兩個(gè)句子并非簡(jiǎn)樸重復(fù),后一個(gè)主題句或?qū)υ撝黝}作最后的評(píng)述,或?qū)σc(diǎn)作一歸納綜合,或使之引申留給讀者去思索。
無(wú)明確主題句:找要害詞(泛起頻率較高), 歸納總結(jié)。
細(xì)節(jié)明了題
考察內(nèi)容主要涉實(shí)時(shí)間、地址、人物、事宜、緣故原由、效果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和界說類細(xì)節(jié)。這類問題的配合特點(diǎn)是:謎底一樣平時(shí)都能在文章中找到。雖然,謎底并紛歧定是文章中的原句,考生需要憑證文章提供的信息自己組織語(yǔ)句回覆問題。
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題→尋讀法
分為直接明了題和間接明了題,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問,或判斷正誤;后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換,表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有:
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned except
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
真題類型
(江西卷) ……… Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. ………
Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?
A.He wanted to take a voyage.
B.He wanted to practice his skill
C.He was so much attracted by it.
D.He was eager to do an experiment.
謎底:C
排列順序題→首尾定位法(找出第一個(gè)事宜和最后一個(gè)事宜,用清掃法縮小局限)
常泛起在記敘文和說明文中,一樣平時(shí)按事宜發(fā)生的順序。常見命題形式有:
Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
真題類型
(東卷) Since the , scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. ……. The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. ……..
Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph
A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
謎底:C
圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索
設(shè)題形式:給出圖表,憑證圖表提問問題。
數(shù)字盤算題→(方式:審題→帶著問題找細(xì)節(jié)→對(duì)比、剖析、盤算)
可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié),但需經(jīng)由盤算方可找到謎底。
推理判斷題
主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)文章中隱含或深層的含意的明了能力。它要求考生憑證文章內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推斷,包羅考生對(duì)作者看法的明了,態(tài)度的判斷,對(duì)修辭、語(yǔ)氣、隱含意思等的明了。題干要害詞:infer(推斷),
indicate(象征,示意), imply/suggest(示意), conclude(作出結(jié)論), assume(假定,設(shè)想).
了解培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)口碑和知名度 現(xiàn)在培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)五花八門,所以在給孩子選擇培訓(xùn)班時(shí)要觀察仔細(xì)。先要了解培訓(xùn)班的
了解培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)口碑和知名度 現(xiàn)在培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)五花八門,所以在給孩子選擇培訓(xùn)班時(shí)要觀察仔細(xì)。先要了解培訓(xùn)班的口碑和知名度,可以像周邊的人或者家長(zhǎng)群打聽,這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)怎么樣。了解清楚后,對(duì)孩子確實(shí)有利,再給孩子報(bào)一個(gè)適合的班級(jí)。我們要
現(xiàn)在很多機(jī)構(gòu)宣傳培養(yǎng)孩子的數(shù)學(xué)思維力等各種思維能力。我們?nèi)绾闻袛嗨欠裾娴膶賹?shí)呢?從我們孩子身上來(lái)找答案: 1、孩子補(bǔ)習(xí)了一個(gè)學(xué)科,其他學(xué)科成績(jī)也會(huì)提高 2、補(bǔ)習(xí)一段時(shí)間后,無(wú)需再參加補(bǔ)習(xí)班 3、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)大幅提高,班級(jí)排名大幅提升細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題
一樣平時(shí)可憑證隨筆提供的信息或借助生涯知識(shí)舉行推理判斷,常見命題形式有:
It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
The author implies/ suggests that_____.
We may infer that _________.
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
真題類型
(天津卷) ……. Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔聲)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined. ……..
What can be inferred from Paragraph
A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates’ speech.
B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates’ ways of teaching.
C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.
D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.
謎底:B
展望推理判斷題
憑證語(yǔ)篇對(duì)文章接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容或可能的下場(chǎng)舉行展望,常見命題形式有: What do you think will happen if/when…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
推測(cè)文章泉源或讀者工具
常見命題形式有:
The passage is probably take out of_____
The passage would most likely be found in_____
Where does this text probably come from?
寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題
作者的語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度往往不會(huì)直接寫在文章里,只能通仔細(xì)讀文章,從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會(huì)出來(lái)。
詢問寫作目的的題,選項(xiàng)里常泛起的詞是:explain(注釋), prove (證實(shí)), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(談?wù)?, praise(贊揚(yáng)), criticize(指斥), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(爭(zhēng)執(zhí)), tell(講述), analyze(剖析)等。
詢問語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度的題,選項(xiàng)里
常泛起的詞是:neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(知足的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objective(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實(shí)事求是的), pessimistic(消極的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(指斥的), doubtful(嫌疑的), hostile(敵對(duì)的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。常見命題形式有:
The purpose of the text is_____
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____
What is the author’s attitude towards…?
What is the author’s opinion on…?
The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
解題技巧
推斷題是考察學(xué)生透過文章外面的文字信息舉行剖析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù),切莫主觀臆斷。
①那些文章中直接陳述的內(nèi)容不能選,要選擇憑證文章推理出來(lái)的選項(xiàng)。
②推理不是憑空展望,而是駐足已知推斷未知;作出準(zhǔn)確謎底時(shí)一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。
③要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的看法取代作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。
詞義展望題
考點(diǎn):
①展望某個(gè)詞、詞組、句子的意義
②對(duì)文中的多義詞或詞組舉行界說
③判斷某個(gè)代詞的指代的工具。常見命題形式有:
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
The word “…”(Line para.probably means ______.
The word “…”(Line para.could best be replaced by which of the following?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?
英語(yǔ)閱讀明了解題技巧通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞
首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才氣猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)示意前因效果。
例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault. 通過for引出的句子所示意的緣故原由(那不是他的錯(cuò)),可猜出blame的詞義是"叱責(zé)"。
通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or毗鄰的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay,縱然我們不熟悉gay這個(gè)詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進(jìn)一步注釋的歷程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。
通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或示意否認(rèn)意義的詞語(yǔ),如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.憑證not at all...handsome我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞
憑證前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞詞義。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否認(rèn)意義,故為“不太可能”之意。)
通過界說或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知良久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought是同義語(yǔ)。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號(hào)等來(lái)示意。
通過句法功效來(lái)推測(cè)詞義
例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.若是pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來(lái)判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準(zhǔn)確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。
通過形貌猜詞
形貌即作者對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的形貌。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的形貌中可以得知penguin是一種生涯在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地形貌了該鳥類的生涯習(xí)性。
憑證知識(shí)猜詞
如:The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.(lintel “過梁”。)
Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.(tiptoed “踮著腳走,躡手躡腳”)
英語(yǔ)閱讀題技巧三步走迅速將整篇文章剖析,理出文章結(jié)構(gòu);
迅速捉住文章敘述的主題;
迅速找出各部門的中央意思,并找出表達(dá)中央意思的句子。
做到這,基本上這篇文章不用逐字讀完就可以答對(duì)接下來(lái)的問題。
先說一下,英語(yǔ)文章,尤其是用于考試的閱讀文章,其結(jié)構(gòu)都有異常顯著的典型性,一樣平時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為主題段,敘述段落,總結(jié)及結(jié)論段,甚至超長(zhǎng)的結(jié)業(yè)論文也不外是在這個(gè)大框架內(nèi)。
以一篇文章為例:
一樣平時(shí)第一段為主題段,也就是說,整篇文章要表達(dá)的主題一定會(huì)泛起在這里,你要做的就是迅速把中央句找出來(lái),一樣平時(shí)來(lái)說,中央句會(huì)泛起在倒數(shù)第或第,簡(jiǎn)樸一點(diǎn)的文章會(huì)在第就泛起,若是考題出得對(duì)照難,也可能需要自己總結(jié),但就算需要自己總結(jié)中央句,也一定能在該段落中找出代表中央意思的詞;
接下來(lái)第二、三、四段,各段將對(duì)第一段提出的主題意思舉行敘述或分步驟剖析,也就是說,每個(gè)段落都市有進(jìn)階的主題,即個(gè)各分論點(diǎn),以是你要做的同樣是迅速把它們找出來(lái),位置和方式相同;
最后一段為全文的總結(jié),并會(huì)對(duì)結(jié)論舉行進(jìn)一步的剖析,或做推測(cè),或作談?wù)?,這也是一個(gè)出題點(diǎn),你要做的就是捉住總結(jié)的主旨和對(duì)其進(jìn)一步剖析的結(jié)論。
雖然并不會(huì)所有文章都是,例若有的主題段落會(huì)有甚至更多,論點(diǎn)段落可能只有或多達(dá)以上(但一樣平時(shí)不跨越),難一點(diǎn)的文章里每個(gè)分論點(diǎn)也可能不止一段,我這里只是以為例,注釋的是文章的結(jié)構(gòu),或者說一樣平時(shí)組成,通過這個(gè)紀(jì)律可以迅速將文章舉行剖析,進(jìn)而掌握各部門的要點(diǎn)。
下面剖析一下出題要點(diǎn),或者說出題紀(jì)律(若是題不會(huì)出得很偏的話),以一篇閱讀文為例,一樣平時(shí)為主題、分論點(diǎn)、細(xì)節(jié)題、結(jié)論或?qū)Y(jié)論的剖析、推測(cè)。
可見掌握文章主題、分論點(diǎn)及結(jié)論剖析就可以答對(duì)這是不需要逐字逐句讀完全文的,而細(xì)節(jié)題怎么辦呢,就需要通過問題提供的信息迅速剖析出其所在的分論點(diǎn),然后回到該分論點(diǎn)段落找到與這題相符的句子,一樣平時(shí)若是題出得簡(jiǎn)樸的話會(huì)是原句照搬,難一點(diǎn)的話會(huì)換個(gè)表達(dá)方式,再難一點(diǎn)則會(huì)繞個(gè)圈設(shè)個(gè)陷阱,這就需要異常小心,一定要舍得多花鐘把這句話和前后兩句一再閱讀,挖出陷阱。這樣的話題都可以迎刃而解了,這就叫針對(duì)性解題。
說一下我的閱讀答題習(xí)慣吧,一樣平時(shí)我第一時(shí)間會(huì)先看題,而且異常認(rèn)真的明了每道題的意思,提取有用的信息,雖然一樣平時(shí)并不容易只通過問題一下子就找出文章主題,但一定能找到跟主題有關(guān)的詞和信息,而且至少知道文章是在討論某個(gè)器械照樣在敘述某件事,也就是說是議論文、說明文,照樣敘述文,然后迅速按上面的三步走,這樣帶著問題掃讀全文,連細(xì)節(jié)題也可以異常迅速的找出來(lái),最后將問題逐一對(duì)應(yīng),所有解決!
這些就是我一起考到專八的閱讀題履歷,方式交給你了,接下來(lái)就是多多演習(xí),只有多練才氣練到爐火純青的境界,最后做閱讀題簡(jiǎn)直是輕松+愉快!
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀明了題型及解題技巧是怎么樣的戴氏教育/http://certifiedhvacservices.com